Hey there. Welcome to Life Noggin.
哈囉。歡迎來到 Life Noggin。
Which one of these orange circles do you think is bigger? Well, neither is. They're actually the same size.
你認為哪個橘色圈圈比較大的呢？嗯，哪個都不是。它們其實一樣大。
Now stare at the dot inside this circle. Keep staring, and the circle seems to disappear. But it doesn't really.
現在，仔細看向圓圈內的點。繼續看，然後外圍的圓圈好像消失了。但其實並未消失。
Why do our brains lie to us? Well, sometimes it just takes shortcuts.
為什麼我們的大腦要欺騙我們？因為有時候大腦會走捷徑。
Let's take this first image for example—the Ebbinghaus illusion. Even though the right orange circle may look bigger, it's not. See?
我們以第一張圖為例－－這是艾賓豪斯錯覺。即使右邊的橘色圈圈看起來比較大，但卻不然。看到了嗎？
Rather than taking the time and energy to think critically, your brain makes assumptions. It sees that the right circle looks bigger in context with all the other smaller circles and believes it's larger than the other orange circle. But when you look harder, you realize they're the same.
我們大腦沒有花時間心力去批判思考，而是直接做出臆測。大腦看到右邊的圈圈有小圈環繞，看起來比較大，就相信這個橘色圈圈比另一個大。但當你更仔細去看，就會發現它們是一樣的。
Now, have a look at this. This is known as the Snake Illusion. It might look like it's moving, but I promise it's not.
現在，我們看看這個。這是著名的「旋轉蛇錯覺」。看起來正在旋轉，但我保證圖沒有動。
Scientists have found that tiny eye movements called saccades occur when you look at this image. Your brain mistakes these eye movements for motion in the image, activating the part of your brain that processes movement. Okay, I'm really dizzy now. Let's move on.
科學家發現，當你注視這類圖像時，眼睛會出現微小的顫動，就是所謂的「跳視」。這些跳視運動會讓你的大腦誤以為你在看動態影像，進而活化大腦掌管動態視覺的部分。好了，我暈了。我們進入下個部分吧。
Okay, next up, I want you to stare at the bird on the screen. Just the bird. Keep staring. Now look at the cage. Did a red bird appear inside the cage?
好，接下來，我想請你盯著螢幕中的這隻鳥。盯著鳥就好。繼續盯著看。現在看向鳥籠。籠中有沒有出現一隻紅色的鳥？
That happens because some of the color-sensitive receptors in your retina adapt to the color green after focusing on it for so long. When you look at the white cage, your eye is still adapted to green. But since it isn't there, your eye gives you the same shape in the complementary color, red.
這是因為你視網膜中一些對色彩敏感的受體，在長時間凝視後適應了綠色。當你看向白色鳥籠，你的眼睛仍是在適應綠色的狀態。但因為那裡沒有綠色的鳥，你的眼前就會出現一個形狀相同而色彩互補的圖像，也就是紅色的鳥。
Okay, I'm gonna let this bird go because my dog is trying to kill it.
好了，我要放走這隻鳥了，因為我的狗正試圖殺死牠。
Our brains don't just trick us with optical illusions like these. When you were a kid, you might have played the game Bloody Mary. It's when you stare at yourself in the mirror in a dark room and call out Bloody Mary three times. Some people see horrible things in the mirror. Well, what's happening is something called the Troxler Effect.
我們大腦不只會以這些視錯覺欺騙我們。你小的時候，可能玩過「血腥瑪麗」這遊戲。在伸手不見五指的房間內看向鏡中的自己，並大喊「血腥瑪麗」三次。有些人會在鏡中看到恐怖的東西。嗯，這就是所謂的「特克斯勒消逝效應」。
Your brain focuses on the thing it deems most relevant. Whatever facial feature you're staring intently at, other parts of your face can become distorted or even replaced with more body parts. Some features can even disappear altogether.
你的大腦會把注意力集中在它認為最相關的事物上。無論你仔細盯著哪個臉部特徵，其他臉部特徵會變得扭曲，或甚至被更多身體部位取代。有些特徵甚至會全部消失。
How do I look now? Am I ready for my close-up?
我現在看起來如何？可以準備好拍張特寫了嗎？
This Troxler Effect is also why that blue circle you saw earlier disappeared when you stared at the red dot.
特克斯勒消逝效應也解釋了為什麼你剛才看到的藍色圓圈會在你凝視紅點時消失。
But what about magic tricks? Have a look at Zigzag Girl.
那魔術又是怎麼回事？來看看三切美女魔術。
You might think that there's no way a person could contort themselves into a shape like that. But what about now? It's a lot more realistic.
你可能會覺得一個人絕對沒辦法把自己的身體扭曲成那樣。但現在呢？可能性大大增加了。
When the boxes are painted, our brains don't see the person inside as one continuous object, so it gets confused. This is the Gestalt Principle of Continuity in action. Designs with lines that suddenly change direction are a lot harder to comprehend, and magicians use that to their advantage.
當看到彩繪的箱子，我們的大腦不會將裡面的人看成連續個體，所以會產生混淆。這就是「格式塔連續性原則」的應用。線條突然改變方向的設計會造成理解困難，而魔術師就是利用這點。
While all these brain and visual malfunctions are normal, some conditions can trick your brain even more. And psychiatric illnesses can result in auditory hallucinations, hearing voices or things that aren't there.
剛才看到的這些大腦和視覺上的錯覺都很正常，但有些疾病可能會對大腦造成更大錯亂。而精神疾病可能造成幻聽，讓人聽見不存在的聲音或事物。
There's still so much we don't know about the brain, but studying its response to optical illusions could help scientists learn so much more about how it really functions.
我們對大腦依然一知半解，但研究大腦如何對視錯覺做出反應能幫助科學家了解大腦究竟是如何運作的。
Do you have a favorite optical illusion? Has there ever been a time that your brain has lied to you? Let us know in the comment section below.
你最喜歡的視錯覺是哪個？你的大腦有沒有欺騙過你？在下面的評論區留言讓我們知道吧。
