BBC Masterclass: Non-Defining Relative Clauses
BBC 高級英文班：非限定關係子句(註一)
Hi, guys! Dan from BBC Learning English here. This time, we're gonna be taking a look at non-defining relative clauses and why they're awesome. Are you ready? Here we go.
嗨，大家!我是 BBC 學英文的 Dan。這一次，我們要來看非限定關係子句還有它們為什麼很棒。準備好了嗎？開始囉。
Number one: They're free. How cool is that? They're like the free toothpaste that you get given when you go to a shop and buy a toothbrush. You don't need it, but everybody likes something for free. What's even cooler is, if you don't want it, you can remove it and the main information from the sentence is the same.
第一：非限定關係子句可以免錢隨意拿。那多酷啊？它們就像你去店裡買牙刷附贈的免費牙膏一樣。你不需要它，但大家都喜歡免錢的東西。更酷的是，如果你不想要它的話，你可以把它移走，但句子裡的主要資訊還是不變。
Number two: You can always identify them. Unlike sneaky defining relative clauses, non-defining relative clauses are always marked with commas next to the noun which they describe. When being spoken, the intonation pattern of the sentence changes to show where the clause is. For example, "The pens which I left on the table were stolen." "The pens, which I left on the table, were stolen."
第二：你總是可以認出非限定關係子句。和鬼鬼祟祟的限定關係子句不一樣，非限定關係子句在它們形容的名詞旁總是會標上逗號。口說時，句子的語調模式會有所改變以表示出子句的位置。舉例來說，「我放在桌上的那些筆被偷了。」「那些筆，我放在桌上的那些，被偷了。」
Number three: They are proud. Unlike shameful defining relative clauses, which can hide their relative pronoun or use "that," non-defining relative clauses always use the correct relative pronoun—"who" for people and "which" for objects. And they never omit them.
第三：非限定關係子句很驕傲。不像無恥的限定關係子句，限定關係子句可以把關係代名詞藏起來或是用 that 代替，非限定關係子句總是會用正確的關係代名詞－－人用 who 然後物用 which。它們永遠不會省略關係代名詞。
Number four: They can count. Non-defining relative clauses are able to quantify a noun, even if the main clause doesn't. They can be used with determiners such as many, some, all, a few, half, etc. And this allows us to comment on part of a group rather than all or nothing, like defining relative clauses. "The pens, many of which I left on the table, were stolen."
第四：它們可以數數。非限定關係子句可以估算一個名詞的量，即使主要子句中沒有。它們可以和像是 many(許多)、some(一些)、all(全部)、a few(幾個)、half(一半)等限定詞搭配使用。這讓我們可以就群體中的一部分作評論，而非就整體或什麼都沒有，像是限定關係子句那樣。「那些筆，我留在桌上的筆中有好幾支，被偷了。」
Number five: They care about our opinion. Non-defining relative clauses are not only able to comment on a noun within a sentence but allow us to make a comment on the whole sentence itself. This is used to communicate the speaker's opinion about the events they've just mentioned. "The pens, which I left on the table, were stolen, which surprised me."
第五：它們在意我們的意見。非限定關係子句不只可以評論句中的一個名詞，它還讓我們可以就整個句子本身作評論。這被用來表達講者對自己剛談論的事件的意見。「那些筆，我留在桌上的那些，被偷了，那讓我很驚訝。」
Aren't they cool? Learn them, love them, and they'll never let you down. Non-defining relative clauses—a speaker's best friend.
很酷對吧？學習非限定關係子句、愛它們，它們永遠不會讓你失望。非限定關係子句－－講者的好朋友。
註一：非限定關係子句也可稱作 non-restrictive relative clause
- 「免費」- For Free
You don't need it, but everybody likes something for free.
你不需要它，但大家都喜歡免錢的東西。 - 「使某人失望」- Let Someone Down
Learn them, love them, and they'll never let you down.
學習非限定關係子句、愛它們，它們永遠不會讓你失望。
